Breathing problems in brachycephalic dogs

First things first: define ‘brachycephaly’

Put simply, brachycephaly is a term used to describe a skull shorter than average for its species. Brachycephalic dogs are simply dogs with short snouts and/or flat faces.

Why do brachycephalic dog breeds suffer breathing problems?

Breathing problems are among the most common health issues associated with French Bulldogs and other brachycephalic dogs (Chihuahuas, Pugs and Boston Terriers). This is mainly because of their short noses; the anatomy of their face is ‘squished’ and this puts pressure on their respiratory system.

These breathing problems are known collectively as Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), and can be broken up into two main categories: primary conditions, that the dogs are born with, and secondary conditions that occur over time, often as a consequence of primary conditions.

Primary conditions

• Narrow nostrils that don’t take in much air
• A larger soft palate (at the back of the throat) which obstructs the voice box
• The area between the nose and the back of the mouth (nasopharynx) is narrower than it should be
• A narrow windpipe

Secondary conditions

• ‘Balloons’ of tissue pop up from the strain of breathing and obstruct the windpipe further
• The windpipe loses its structural firmness, sometimes leading to collapse. Note: a collapsed windpipe is an incredibly distressing situation for dogs and their owners

Symptoms of breathing problems

• The dog will make strange noises while they breathe, these may sound like snoring
• Excessive panting – a sign of difficulty exercising and overheating quickly
• Froth around the mouth

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome usually affects young to middle-aged dogs but this is because most brachycephalic dogs will need surgery before they get to middle age. Un-treated older dogs, overweight dogs and dogs with pre-existing health problems are particularly at risk.

Treatments: how can I help my brachycephalic dog?

Health issues such as breathing problems are common in short-nosed breeds like Bulldogs and Pugs, so we advise owners to pay close attention to their dog’s breathing. If you notice that your dog is struggling to breathe, contact your vet right away.

Veterinary treatment will differ depending on the seriousness of the dog’s condition but common procedures include widening of the nostrils and shortening of the soft palate so the dog can take in oxygen more easily. In extreme situations, the vet may need to use a tube to aid the dog’s breathing.

Because these conditions can escalate so quickly, it’s important to contact your vet sooner rather than later.

How can the owner help?

The best way to handle Canine Brachycephaly is to stay aware of it, to know the symptoms you’re looking for and not to shy away from visiting the vets. People often think that noisy or difficulty breathing is normal for these dogs – this is not the case, it could be your pet asking for help.

One other action you can take is to keep your dog’s exercise nice and gentle –this is especially important during hot weather.

Need more info on brachycephaly in dogs?

For more information on breathing problems in brachycephalic dogs, contact your vet.

Find your nearest vet using our Find a Vet page, or speak to a vet online using Online Vets.