How to get rid of bad breath in dogs

Why does my dog have bad breath?

Dogs usually get bad breath when bacteria in their mouths break down proteins, creating unpleasant-smelling compounds like hydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan. These are often referred to as volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs).

What causes bad breath in dogs?

• Plaque — a sticky film formed of bacteria and tiny food particles — accumulates on the teeth and eventually hardens into visible tartar. This bacterial build-up itself can cause bad breath, but it also leads to inflammation of the gums (gingivitis in dogs) and, eventually, periodontitis, which can cause severe halitosis.
• Oral infections and tooth abscesses release bacteria and pus, contributing to bad breath.
• Foreign objects like sticks, bones, or pieces of toys lodged in a dog’s mouth can fester, causing infections and resulting bad smell.
• Eating certain foods, including human foods unsuitable for dogs, can result in bad breath, as can diets high in protein.
• Conditions like kidney disease, liver disease, and diabetes can also cause a distinct smell in a dog’s breath. For example, kidney disease can result in breath that smells like urine or ammonia, while diabetes can cause a sweet, fruity smell.

Symptoms to watch for

If your dog has bad breath, watch out for other symptoms that might indicate a more serious issue, such as:

• Excessive drooling
• Difficulty eating or loss of appetite
• Swollen, red, or bleeding gums
• Pawing at the mouth or rubbing the mouth on the floor/furniture
• Loose or missing teeth
• Vomiting or diarrhoea
• Weight loss

When to see a vet

If your dog's bad breath persists despite regular dental care, or if you notice any of the symptoms above, speak to your vet. Persistent bad breath can be a sign of a serious health condition that needs professional treatment.

Read more: Four stages of dental disease in dogs and cats

How to stop bad breath in dogs?

Treating bad breath in dogs involves addressing the underlying causes. Here are some steps you can take:

• Regular dental exams (at least twice yearly) and professional cleanings at your vet will help a great deal. Studies indicate that dogs undergoing regular professional cleanings show significant reductions in VSC levels and improvement in breath quality.
• Brushing your dog's teeth with vet-approved toothpaste can help remove plaque and prevent tartar buildup. Less than 2% of pet owners brush their dog’s teeth daily, but this is the simplest way to maintain oral health.
• As well as brushing, use dental rinses and water additives.
• Provide your dog with vet-approved chew toys, as these can help clean their teeth naturally and stimulate saliva production, which helps wash away food particles and bacteria. Some chews have been shown to significantly lower VSC levels and improve breath over time. Use products approved by the Veterinary Oral Health Council. 
• Feeding your dog a balanced diet and avoiding table scraps can also help. Special diets enriched with ingredients like Ribes nigrum and Salvia officinalis have shown promise in reducing halitosis.

Are some breeds more likely to have bad breath?

Some dog breeds are more likely to have bad breath because of their physical features and genetic makeup. Smaller breeds and brachycephalic (flat-faced) breeds, such as Bulldogs and Pugs, are more likely to have crowded or misaligned teeth, which can lead to plaque and tartar accumulation and eventually periodontal disease. Studies have shown that Toy Poodles, King Charles Spaniels, and Greyhounds also have a higher incidence of dental disease, which is the main cause of halitosis.

FAQs on dog bad breath

Q: How often should I brush my dog’s teeth?

A: Ideally, you should brush your dog’s teeth daily. Regular brushing is the most effective way to remove plaque and prevent tartar buildup.

Q: Is bad breath in dogs a sign of illness?

A: Yes, bad breath can be a sign of serious health issues such as kidney disease, liver disease, or diabetes. If you notice a sudden change in your dog’s breath, consult your vet.

Q: Are there any home remedies for dog bad breath?

A: While regular brushing and dental chews are effective, some home remedies, like adding a bit of parsley to your dog’s food, may help freshen their breath. However, these should not replace regular dental care

Studies into bad breath in dogs

1. Unravelling a commercial formula to relieve halitosis in dogs

This study examined whether a special diet could improve dogs' bad breath. The research found that over the course of 30 days, dogs showed a big improvement in their bad breath, as well as in issues like gum disease and tartar. The diet, which included ingredients such as Ribes nigrum and Salvia officinalis, helped reduce the production of foul-smelling volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs).

Takeaway: A specialised diet can improve dogs' bad breath and dental health.

2. Effects of novel dental chews on halitosis in dogs

This study investigated the impact of daily dental chews on the oral health and bad breath of dogs. The study concluded that dogs who were given dental chews had less plaque and tartar on their teeth, as well as lower levels of VSC compounds in their mouths, compared to dogs who weren’t. The study also found that dental chews can slow down the progression of gum disease in dogs.

Takeaway: Vet-approved daily dental chews can effectively reduce plaque and bad breath in dogs.

3. Effectiveness of oral care interventions on malodour in dogs

This research looked at how different ways of caring for dogs' teeth, like using dental chews and brushing their teeth, can help with bad breath. The researchers found that all the methods they tested helped reduce the level of VSC compounds in the dogs' mouths.

Takeaway: Regular use of dental chews can significantly reduce bad breath and bacterial load in dogs.

4. Dog owners' perspectives on canine dental health

This survey of more than 66,000 dogs revealed that 48% of their owners said their dogs had bad breath, while 37% reported dental problems. One in four owners admitted to having difficulty checking their dogs' teeth at home. 

Takeaway: Many dog owners are aware of dental problems in their pets but find it hard to inspect their dog's teeth at home. This shows how important it is to visit the vet regularly for dental check-ups.

Need more advice on your dog’s bad breath?

Regular check-ups, daily at-home dental care, and professional cleanings, as recommended by your vet can prevent bad breath. For expert advice, use our find a vet page to find your nearest vet, or speak to a vet online using our video vet service.

Looking for more expert advice on maintaining your dog's dental health? Visit our dog dental care hub for all the essentials.

Prevention is always better than cure, so start taking steps today to protect your pet’s teeth. Pet Health Club members get 10% off dental procedures.